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Photovoltaics • Yield • Profitability

Calculate Photovoltaic Yield

Choose a location on the map, enter the system data and calculate the estimated annual yield.

Location and System Data

No location selected yet.

Example: 5 means a PV system with 5 kWp.

0 = south, -90 = east, 90 = west, 180/-180 = north

Typical gable roofs are often in the range of about 30° to 35°.

0 = no shading, 100 = fully shaded.

Default value for rough calculations: 14 %.

Note: This calculator provides a rough yield estimate. Actual yields also depend on module type, inverter, shading, soiling, temperature, roof structure, cable lengths, orientation and local weather data.

Usage Guide

How to use the photovoltaic calculator correctly

1. Enter system power

Enter the planned total power of your PV system in kilowatt-peak. A system with 5 kWp is entered as 5.

2. Set the orientation

South corresponds to 0°, east -90°, west +90° and north 180° or -180°. East-west systems can make sense for high self-consumption.

3. Specify the roof pitch

The pitch angle ranges from 0° to 90°. Many gable roofs are approximately in the range of 30° to 35°.

4. Account for shading

Trees, neighboring buildings, chimneys or roof structures can reduce yield. 0 % means no shading.

5. Adjust technical losses

Losses arise from inverters, cables, temperature, soiling and deviations between rated power and real-world operation, among other factors.

6. Choose a location

Click on the map at the approximate system location. The calculator uses the coordinates for the rough yield calculation.

Guide

What affects the yield of a photovoltaic system?

The annual yield of a photovoltaic system does not depend on installed power alone. Location, solar irradiance, roof pitch, orientation, shading, technical losses and the quality of the system components are also decisive.

A south-facing orientation often achieves high annual yields in Germany. An east-west orientation can still make sense if as much solar power as possible should be self-consumed in the morning and evening. So it's not only the maximum yield that matters, but also when the electricity is generated.

Shading should be considered particularly carefully. Even individual shadows from trees, neighboring buildings, dormers or chimneys can cause yield losses. For complex shading situations, module optimizers, adjusted string planning or a different module layout are possible technical solutions.

For reliable planning, an online calculator does not replace a precise on-site inspection. However, it provides a helpful first orientation to better assess system size, roof orientation and yield potential.

Calculation Used

The calculator uses the selected location, orientation, roof pitch and technical losses to estimate a specific annual yield per kWp.

Annual yield = system power × specific yield per kWp × (1 − shading)

The location data is retrieved via a proxy script. The proxy script wraps the external irradiance and PV yield data source so the browser does not need to communicate directly with the external interface.

Frequently Asked Questions about the Photovoltaic Calculator

Is the calculated PV yield guaranteed?

No. The value is an estimate. Weather, shading, module temperature, system quality, maintenance and real operating conditions can change the actual yield.

What does kWp mean?

kWp stands for kilowatt-peak and describes the rated power of a photovoltaic system under standardized test conditions.

Which orientation is ideal?

In Germany, a south-facing orientation often achieves high annual yields. East-west systems can still make sense if self-consumption should be better distributed throughout the day.

Why is shading asked for separately?

Shading from trees, neighboring buildings or roof structures can significantly reduce yield. That's why the calculator additionally reduces the yield by the entered shading share.

Does the calculator replace professional planning?

No. The calculator serves as a first orientation. For actual implementation, roof area, structural load, electrical installation, grid connection, module layout and applicable technical rules must be checked.

Practical guidance

Separate PV yield forecasting from financial returns

This calculator estimates energy yield from location and system data. Financial viability also needs cost, self-consumption, energy price and tariff assumptions.

Input values explained

PV system power
kWp is the total module nameplate power under standard test conditions, not a guaranteed real-world output.
Orientation / azimuth
This calculator uses 0° for south, -90° for east and +90° for west. Check the convention when transferring values from another tool.
Roof pitch
Enter the module-plane angle above horizontal. 0° is flat and 90° is vertical.
Shading
Estimate the annual yield loss caused by trees, buildings, railings or roof structures. Short partial shading can have a disproportionate effect.
Technical losses
This combines temperature, cable, inverter and system losses. Do not deduct losses twice if the source yield already includes them.

Example: 10 kWp with moderate losses

Assume 1,000 kWh/kWp at the location, 10 kWp installed, 5% shading and 14% technical losses.

10 kWp × 1,000 kWh/kWp × 0.95 × 0.86 = 8,170 kWh/year

8,170 kWh is a forecast, not a guaranteed meter reading. Use the separate payback calculator for financial estimates.

Assess forecast uncertainty

Location data improves the estimate but cannot remove annual weather variation, downtime, temperature effects or ageing.

Calculation limits

  • The map is not a detailed roof-layout or shading study.
  • Finance, tariffs and self-consumption are outside this yield model.